Page 89 - index
P. 89
ɛɨɥɚɞɵ. ɋɨɧɵɦɟɧ, ɠԛɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɨɥɞɵԙ ɝɪɚɮɢɝɿ ɛɨɥɵɩ, ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɫɵ ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ
ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɤɟɡɿɧɞɟ ԧɫɿɩ ɨɬɵɪɚɞɵ ɞɚ, ɬɟɤ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫ ɬɨԕɬɚԑɚɧ ɤɟɡɞɟ Ot ɨɫɿɧɟ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ ɬԛɡɭ ( ȼɋ ) ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ (9-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
§2. ɇԛɤɬɟ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ
ɇԛɤɬɟ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧɵԙ ɧɟɝɿɡɝɿ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɥɵԕ ԧɥɲɟɦɿɧɿԙ ɛɿɪɿ – ɨɧɵԙ
ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ. ɀɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕ ɠԛɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɠɨɥɞɵԙ ɫɚɧɞɵԕ ԧɫɭɿɧ
ԑɚɧɚ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɩ ԕɨɣɦɚɣɞɵ, ɨɧɵɦɟɧ ԕɨɫɚ ɠɨɥɞɵԙ ɛɚԑɵɬɵɧɚ ɞɚ ɦԥɧ ɛɟɪɟɞɿ.
ɋɨɧɞɵԕɬɚɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɲɚɦɚ ɛɨɥɵɩ ɬɚɛɵɥɚɞɵ.
1. ȼɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɬԥɫɿɥ. ɀɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԕɬɵԙ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ ɲɚɦɚ ɪɟɬɿɧɞɟɝɿ
ɚɧɵԕɬɚɦɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɨԕɬɚɥɚɣɵԕ. Ɉɥ ԛɲɿɧ, ɤɟɡ ɤɟɥɝɟɧ ɧԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ԕɨɡԑɚɥɵɫɵɧ
ԕɚɪɚɫɬɵɪɚɣɵԕ. Ⱥɬɚɥԑɚɧ ɧԛɤɬɟ t ɭɚԕɵɬɵɧɞɚ M ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɞɟ ɛɨɥɫɵɧ, ɚɥ t 't
ɭɚԕɵɬɵɧɞɚ M1 ɧԛɤɬɟɫɿɧɟ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɫɵɧ (10-ɫɭɪɟɬ).
ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ t ɠԥɧɟ t1 ɭɚԕɵɬɬɚɪɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɨɪɵɧɞɚɪɵ r ɦɟɧ r1 ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-
ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɚɪɵɦɟɧ ɚɧɵԕɬɚɥɚɞɵ. ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ, ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɟɫɟɩɬɟɭ ɠԛɣɟɫɿɧɞɟɝɿ
ɨɪɧɵɧɵԙ ԧɡɝɟɪɭɿɧ ɫɢɩɚɬɬɚɣɬɵɧ MM1 r1 r 'r ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧ, 't t1 t ɭɚԕɵɬ
ɚɪɚɥɵԑɵɧɞɚԑɵ ɧΟɤɬɟɧɿΝ ɨɪɵɧ ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɞɟɩ ɚɬɚɣɦɵɡ.
10-ɫɭɪɟɬ
ɇԛɤɬɟɧɿԙ ɨɪɬɚɲɚ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɞɟɩ, ɨɧɵԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɵԙ ɨɫɵ ɨɪɵɧ
ɚɭɵɫɬɵɪɭԑɚ ɫԥɣɤɟɫ ɭɚԕɵɬ ɚɪɚɥɵԑɵɧɚ ԕɚɬɵɧɚɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ
ɲɚɦɚ (Q ) ɚɬɚɥɚɞɵ, ɹԑɧɢ:
Q ɨɪɬ 'r . (5)
't
Ⱥɥ ɛɟɪɿɥɝɟɧ ɫԥɬɬɟɝɿ ɧԛɤɬɟ ɠɵɥɞɚɦɞɵԑɵ ɞɟɩ ɨɧɵԙ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵɧɵԙ
ɭɚԕɵɬ ɛɨɣɵɧɲɚ ɚɥɵɧԑɚɧ ɛɿɪɿɧɲɿ ɬɭɵɧɞɵɫɵɧɚ ɬɟԙ ɛɨɥɚɬɵɧ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɥɵԕ
ɲɚɦɚɧɵ ɚɣɬɚɦɵɡ, ɹԑɧɢ:
87
